Understanding Variables

Variables in C are placeholders for storing data that can be modified during program execution. Each variable must be declared with a specific type before use. For example:

          
int age = 25;
float temperature = 36.6;
char grade = 'A';
          
        

Here, age is an integer, temperature is a floating-point number, and grade is a character.

Exploring Data Types

C provides several data types to define the nature of variables. Commonly used types include:

• int: Stores integers (e.g., 1, 2, -5).
• float: Stores floating-point numbers (e.g., 3.14, -0.01).
• char: Stores a single character (e.g., 'A', 'z').
• double: Stores larger floating-point numbers.

Choosing the correct data type is crucial for efficient memory usage.

Introduction to Operators

Operators in C are symbols used to perform operations on variables and values. Some basic operators include:

• Arithmetic: +, -, *, /, %
• Relational: ==, !=, >, <, >=, <=
• Logical: &&, ||, !

For example:

          
int x = 10, y = 5;
int sum = x + y; // sum is 15
          
        

Practical Examples

Here’s a simple program that uses variables, data types, and operators:

          
#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int a = 10, b = 20;
    int sum = a + b;

    printf("The sum of %d and %d is %d\\n", a, b, sum);
    return 0;
}
          
        

Save the code as example.c, compile using gcc, and run it to see the output.